The Polish vocabulary contains over 7.500 words on various topics, focusing on the most frequent words.

Due to the concepts outlined below, the Polish language is quite difficult to learn for people that do not have another slavic language as the mother tongue. In addition, the rule to derive the various forms are quite complicated and also have a substantial amount of exceptions (there are different sets of rules, but this is true for all of them).

The Polish vocabulary therefore not only contains words, but also all forms of these words and is able to automatically derive most of the forms.

The Polish alphabet has some special characters, and some are also missing compared to the latin alphabet. There are also combinations of two characters that are treated like one for pronounciation and also morphology.

Vowels: a, ą, e, ę, i, o, ó, u, y.

Consonants: b, c, ć, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, ł, m, n, ń, p, r, s, ś, t, w, z, ż, ź, ch, cz, dz, dż, dź, rz, sz

The Polish language has seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative and vocative. This applies to nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numbers, names etc.

There are three genders: masculine, feminie and neuter. For singular, there is a difference between inanimate and animate masculine words, and for plural, there is a difference between virile for persons (some of the animate masculine) and non-virile (some masculine animate, all masculine inanimate, feminine and neuter) words.

Polish verbs can have an imperfect or perfect aspect, which means that they either describe a task that of indeterminate duration, or a task that is done until completion. There there are two different word types for verbs. Since verbs of one aspect usually have a partner of the other aspect, this partner is also added to each verb.

In some contexts, there is a difference between words with hard stems and others. Words with a hard stem have a stem ending with -b, -d, -f, -g, -h, -k, -l, -ł, -m, -n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -w, -z, excluding stems ending with -cz, -dz, -rz or -sz.